Mar 25, 2026

Headlines at the World Socialist Web Site today:

1. American imperialism and the oppression of Iran

The war that began on February 28 is the culmination of nearly a century of American imperialist intervention in Iran and cannot be understood apart from that history. 

*****

The struggle against war is an international question. It cannot be waged only within national boundaries, and it cannot be entrusted to any existing government. No amount of protest, however massive, directed at the existing capitalist states will stop the drive to war. The mass demonstrations of 2003 did not stop the invasion of Iraq. The worldwide outcry against the genocide in Gaza did not stop it. Appeals to the “rules-based order” will not stop the bombing of Iran. They will not stop the relentless escalation toward nuclear war.

The decisive question—the only question that ultimately matters—is the development of revolutionary leadership in the international working class. This is not a new insight. It was the central conclusion drawn by Leon Trotsky from the catastrophes of the first half of the 20th century, and it has lost none of its force. In the founding document of the Fourth International, the Transitional Program of 1938, Trotsky wrote:

All talk to the effect that historical conditions have not yet “ripened” for socialism is the product of ignorance or conscious deception. The objective prerequisites for the proletarian revolution have not only “ripened”; they have begun to get somewhat rotten. Without a socialist revolution, in the next historical period at that, a catastrophe threatens the whole culture of mankind. The turn is now to the proletariat, i.e., chiefly to its revolutionary vanguard. The historical crisis of mankind is reduced to the crisis of the revolutionary leadership.

That assessment, written on the eve of the Second World War, defines with even greater precision the crisis of the present moment. The objective conditions for the overthrow of capitalism are not merely ripe, they are, as Trotsky warned, beginning to rot. The alternative is not reform or revolution, but revolution or catastrophe. The task of building the revolutionary leadership of the working class—the International Committee of the Fourth International and its sections—is the urgent, overriding, and inescapable political task of our time.

2. United Kingdom:  Fighting the right means stopping the Iran war!

Saturday’s Together Alliance march in London “to stop the far right” takes place under the shadow of a war on Iran led by the fascistic leaders of the United States and Israel, Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu. This is another illegal war in the Middle East supported by a Labour government, coming on top of its criminal role in the Gaza genocide.

Millions of lives are threatened by ultimatums demanding total surrender on pain of the destruction of critical energy infrastructure. Millions more worldwide have already been endangered by the disruption of critical fuel and fertiliser supplies. An ethnic civil war tearing apart a nation of 90 million people is being actively encouraged.

European governments are shoring up the walls of Fortress Europe against an anticipated new wave of refugees. The Islamophobia whipped up to facilitate the wars against Afghanistan and Iraq is being whipped up again, coupled with the noxious lie equating opposition to Zionism with antisemitism. Anti-war movements are threatened with the same police-state offensive deployed against the supporters of the Palestinians.

This context makes clear the stakes in the fight against the far right. As the World Socialist Web Site Editorial Board wrote Saturday: “Trump’s ultimatum is not merely a threat against Iran. It is a warning to the whole world of what the ruling class is prepared to do to maintain its power.”

These events show that the far right cannot be combatted outside of a struggle against imperialist war and for the defense of the democratic and social rights of the working class. At the heart of this movement must be a fight to demolish the capitalist system, which sets nation against nation in competition for profits and resources and worker against worker in competition for crumbs from the table of the oligarchy.

*****

A movement must be built in the working class, in total opposition to the Labour Party, based not on abstract statements of anti-racism and opposition to the far right, but concrete struggles against their sources: war, inequality, authoritarianism and the capitalist system underlying them all.

As the World Socialist Web Site argued recently of planned anti-Trump protests in the US, “Any movement that treats war as secondary, or avoids naming it directly, leaves intact the principal mechanism through which the ruling class is driving toward dictatorship and catastrophe.” The statement continued, “It must be built by bringing the fight against war into the workplaces and industries that make society run: the ports, logistics hubs, refineries, rail networks, schools, and hospitals.”

3. Lucrative oil futures and predictive market bets on Iran war expose White House insider trading scheme

Reports of precisely timed bets on oil futures and war policies in predictive markets have exposed new depths of criminality by the financial elite and corruption of the US political system under the presidency of Donald Trump.

Media reports have documented cases in which war policy and presidential messaging have been transformed into private enrichment opportunities for those with direct access to inside information about US military operations and Trump’s media announcements.

In the early hours of March 22, the Financial Times reported that traders placed a huge, one‑way bet on falling oil prices just minutes before Donald Trump announced that he was pausing planned strikes on Iranian power plants and claimed there had been “productive conversations” with Tehran.

According to the FT, roughly 6,200 Brent and West Texas Intermediate contracts changed hands between 6:49 and 6:50 a.m. in New York—about 15 minutes before Trump’s Truth Social post signaling a potential deescalation, a message that immediately sent oil sharply lower and lifted stock index futures.

The notional value of this position was approximately $580 million, meaning the trader or traders stood to reap tens or hundreds of millions in profit from a predictable collapse in prices that could only be known in advance by those with access to the content and timing of the president’s announcement. 

*****

This pattern is now clear: Trump’s televised remarks and social media posts, ostensibly about the fate of millions of people in the Middle East, functioned as signals to markets that certain traders anticipated by minutes—an interval that, in electronic futures markets, is an eternity and a hallmark of inside information.

One portfolio manager told reporters that the timing of the trades was “really abnormal” and concluded, “Somebody just got a lot richer.” The criminality is so open that Senator Chris Murphy, Democrat of Connecticut, denounced what he called “mind‑blowing corruption,” pointing to the confluence of Trump’s public statements, the timing of US military operations and the surge of speculative bets on war in both commodity and prediction markets.

*****

Oil futures markets allow traders to buy or sell standardized contracts for future delivery of crude oil at a fixed price. Each Brent or WTI contract typically represents 1,000 barrels, so a move of just $10 per barrel translates into $10,000 dollars per contract in profit or loss. Because these markets are highly leveraged—requiring only a small margin deposit—large institutional investors can control enormous positions with relatively modest capital outlays. 

In the Iran war context, a trader who correctly anticipates a sharp move driven by a presidential announcement can scale this leverage to staggering proportions. A position of roughly $580 million in futures exposure, established just minutes before Trump’s deescalation post and liquidated after a $10–$15 per barrel drop, would yield profits easily in the hundreds of millions.

*****

Alongside the futures markets, the January US attack on Venezuela and the launching of the war on Iran have been turned into lucrative opportunities on prediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket. A January report said that Polymarket hosted a contract on whether the US would attack Venezuela by the end of the month, with trading volume reaching over $100 million on the question as tensions escalated and US forces prepared strikes.

The Kalshi platform ran parallel markets on regime change and leadership outcomes in Caracas, with millions wagered on who would become the next Venezuelan leader after a US intervention.

The scale of the Iran bets is even more grotesque. Reuters, cited by Canadian media, found that $529 million had been wagered on Polymarket contracts linked to the timing of US and Israeli attacks on Iran. It is also a grisly fact that an additional $150 million was bet on whether Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei would be “removed from power.”

Analytics firm Bubblemaps identified six accounts that made roughly $1.2 million in profit by placing large positions just hours before the February 28 strikes on Iran, purchasing “yes” shares priced at around 10 cents that paid out at a dollar once the bombs fell.

Kalshi and Polymarket are the two dominant prediction markets today, representing the fusion of speculative finance, crypto assets and political gambling. Kalshi, regulated as a designated contract market in the US, is nominally based in New York but has aggressively expanded into global political and war‑related contracts.

Polymarket operates on the blockchain, which means that the core functions of the platform are implemented and recorded on a public, cryptographic ledger rather than in a private database controlled solely by the company. By managing its records in this manner, Polymarket has tried to place much of its infrastructure outside of US jurisdiction so that it can manage an international betting platform that has hosted markets on everything from elections to nuclear detonations. This is a tech feature of capitalism in its death agony: high stakes gambling on matters of life and death facing masses of people like a form of sports betting.

*****

Market professionals have been blunt in rejecting the idea that these trading patterns can be explained by ordinary speculation. The Kobeissi Letter—a widely followed macro and commodities newsletter cited by Business Insider—argued that Trump is following the same “playbook” he used during the China trade war, issuing alternating threats and conciliatory messages designed to trigger violent swings in energy and equity markets.

It noted that the Iran talks announcement fit a recurring pattern in which presidential communications are used to manipulate financial conditions, fueling a highly profitable “TACO” trade (Trump Always Chickens Out) that cannot be navigated without privileged insight into policy decisions.

Marko Kolanovic, former head of quantitative strategy at JPMorgan, has repeatedly warned that such manipulation is a “net negative for markets” and that “manipulation will cause liquidity to disappear and real problems will stay.” Commenting on the Iran war swings, Kolanovic urged investors to ignore official statements and focus on the physical reality—whether oil is flowing through the Strait of Hormuz—because the content of pronouncements has been corrupted by manipulation. His conclusion is that these markets are being moved by actors who know in advance what Trump will say and do.

Further confirmation of the criminal manipulation of markets is the recent departure from the Securities and Exchange Commission of Enforcement Division Director Margaret A. Ryan. Although the official reason given is that Ryan resigned without explanation, multiple reports say she left after clashes with SEC leadership over how to handle politically sensitive cases, including those linked to Trump’s circle.

*****

The convergence of oil futures manipulation, war gambling on Kalshi and Polymarket, Trump family profiteering and the pardoning of financial criminals demonstrates that the US government is run by criminal elements. Trump’s statements on Iran—talk of the war ending “very soon,” hints of “productive conversations,” threats to obliterate power plants—are not only reckless and criminal, but tools for moving markets in ways that benefit those with inside access.

These developments expose financial speculation on war in ways that were previously impossible. The timing of airstrikes, the opening of ceasefire talks, even the survival of political leaders have been commodified as tradable events, with billions in market capitalization and trading volume riding on the outcome.

The logic of finance capital, in which human tragedy is converted into an “asset class,” has been fused with the Pentagon war machine and the imperialist policies of the Trump White House. The result is a system in which the ruling class is making billions from arms manufacturing and US military contracts and then literally betting on death and destruction and using state power to ensure that these bets pay off.

4. “We negotiate with bombs”: US moves to deploy 82nd Airborne to Iran

On Tuesday, as US President Donald Trump declared that the United States had “won” its undeclared and illegal war against Iran and claimed negotiations are ongoing, US media reports made clear that the military buildup targeting the country is expanding.

CNN reported Tuesday that approximately 1,000 soldiers from the 82nd Airborne Division, including the division commander Major General Brandon Tegtmeier and his staff, are “expecting to deploy” to the Middle East in the coming days. The New York Times reported Monday that the 82nd Airborne’s “Immediate Response Force”—a 3,000-strong rapid-deployment brigade—could be sent to capture Kharg Island, the terminal through which 90 percent of Iran’s oil exports pass. Politico reported Tuesday that a written deployment order was expected within hours.

The 82nd Airborne is the US Army’s rapid-deployment division, trained to parachute into hostile territory to seize airfields and key objectives. Its deployment is a qualitative escalation beyond the Marine Expeditionary Units (MEUs) already en route, which are smaller, amphibious forces designed for coastal operations. The combination of airborne and amphibious forces points to an operation involving both a seaborne assault and an inland insertion—far larger than a single island seizure.

*****

Nearly four weeks of bombing have killed thousands of Iranian civilians, destroyed residential buildings, struck schools and hospitals and reduced entire neighborhoods to rubble. Amnesty International has confirmed that a US strike on a school in Minab killed at least 170 people, most of them schoolgirls.

The supreme leader, the intelligence minister, the head of the Supreme National Security Council and dozens of other senior officials have been assassinated in strikes on densely populated residential areas of Tehran. Iran’s telecommunications have been destroyed, cutting off 90 million people from the outside world for more than three weeks.

The human rights organization HRANA has documented at least 1,443 civilian deaths, including 217 children—and the true toll is certainly far higher given the near-total communications blackout now in its 23rd day. Iran’s 90 million people have been cut off from the outside world since February 28; the blackout costs the economy $35.7 million a day. On Monday, a strike on a residential building in northern Tehran killed a university professor and his two children. Gas facilities in Isfahan were struck and partially damaged. Strikes on the South Pars gas field have disrupted heating and cooking fuel across the country. Fourteen American service members have been killed.

In Lebanon, Israel has launched a full-scale ground invasion of the south under cover of the Iran war. At least 1,072 people have been killed and 2,966 wounded since March 2, including 118 children and 40 medical workers. More than 1.2 million people—one in five Lebanese—have been driven from their homes.

Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz has ordered the “acceleration of the demolition of Lebanese houses in border villages” following what he called the “Beit Hanoun and Rafah models”—a direct reference to the methods of destruction Israel employed in Gaza. Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich called for making the Litani River “our new border with the state of Lebanon.” Among the dead was Taline Shehab, five years old, killed by an Israeli airstrike as she slept. Her father was also killed. Her mother is in a coma.

Israel has bombed five bridges over the Litani River, severing the south from the rest of the country. Katz declared that “hundreds of thousands of residents of southern Lebanon who evacuated northward will not return south of the Litani River.” On Monday, Israeli strikes killed at least three people in Beirut, including a three-year-old girl. Hussein Bazzi, a chemistry professor at the Lebanese University, was killed by an airstrike. Three Christian young men in the village of Ain Ebel were killed while repairing a satellite dish—the Israeli military claimed they were installing surveillance equipment; residents denied any connection to Hezbollah. The Lebanese government has ordered the expulsion of Iran’s ambassador. 

5. Hundreds of contract faculty at New York University begin strike

The cost of living in New York City, long unaffordable for workers and their families, is skyrocketing. In 2026, living costs in New York City are approximately 75 percent higher than the national average according to Salary.com, with single adults needing to earn over $150,000 annually to live comfortably. New York is home to Wall Street and the corporate-financial oligarchy who live like royalty while workers in New York struggle every day to survive even on the outskirts of the city, where most now reside.

Meanwhile, New York City faces a record-high 26 percent poverty rate (2.2 million people), twice the national average. Workers labor at between $17 and $25 an hour when a living wage in the city is estimated at well over $40 per hour.

Expressing the sentiments of millions of workers across the country and internationally, contract faculty are determined to reverse their increasingly dire circumstances. These workers make up around half of the full-time faculty at NYU, doing the bulk of teaching for significantly lower pay and fewer rights and benefits.

6. “Workers need to organize for a mass general strike”—an Amazon worker in Massachusetts speaks out on exploitation, surveillance and organizing the fight back

Amazon, the second-largest private employer in the United States, has constructed an elaborate system designed to extract maximum productivity from its workforce while insulating the corporation from legal accountability to the workers who generate its profits. A core element of this system is the Delivery Service Partner (DSP) program—a sprawling network of nominally independent subcontractors through which Amazon controls the lives of hundreds of thousands of delivery drivers without, it claims, employing a single one of them.

The World Socialist Web Site recently spoke with Manny, who has been a part-time worker in Amazon’s Delivery Service Partner (DSP) program in Massachusetts for five years. He also works the afternoon shift at a manufacturing company and is a student as well.

His account lays bare the grueling physical demands, relentless surveillance and calculated division of workers that define life inside Amazon’s delivery operation.

*****

Amazon launched its DSP program in 2018. As of early 2024, the company counted some 3,500 to 4,400 DSP companies operating across 19 countries, employing an estimated 275,000 to 390,000 drivers and delivering more than 20 million packages daily. Amazon markets the arrangement as an opportunity for “entrepreneurs” to build thriving small businesses, but the reality—as workers across the country can attest—is something far less glamorous.

Manny described the structure: “A DSP is a driver associate program, where Amazon pays people to do last-minute driver delivery service for them. It’s a system where they use Amazon branded vehicles, such as the smaller sprinter vans and the large CDL [commercial driver’s license] vans, and where we have to deliver packages as if we were part of Amazon.”

The critical distinction, he explained, lies in who bears the costs and who holds the power. The DSP operates Amazon-branded vehicles, enforces Amazon rules, and manages Amazon’s delivery routes—yet is responsible for vehicle maintenance, workers’ compensation and health insurance out of its own pocket. “Amazon may subsidize repair,” Manny said, “but the responsibility of upkeep and maintenance mainly falls on the DSP contractor.”

*****

“Amazon determines all the rules and enforces them through the DSP,” Manny said, “but they never pay for any of the cost in terms of maintenance, workers’ compensation, health insurance and stuff like that.” When asked who ultimately controls the operation, he was unequivocal: “Amazon holds all the decisions.” 

*****

Amazon drivers are monitored by a four-camera AI system that scrutinizes them for even the most minute alleged lapses of safety and efficiency, recording every moment of drive time and flagging drivers for deviating from a preset route or remaining too long in any one area. Manny confirmed the omnipresence of this surveillance: “The Amazon-branded vehicles have a camera that watches you all the time. It’s on you all the time, which is very intrusive.”

He recalled, “I’ve gotten docked because the camera saw my lips move as I was singing along to a song. And so, they said that was distracted driving. I got docked for that.”

*****

Manny was direct about what makes the job most punishing: not any single hazard, but the sheer accumulation of demands within a fixed window of time. “Amazon really does not have a limit as to how many packages and stops that they give workers,” he said. “Some workers have gotten 200 stops, or have to deliver 400 packages. I myself have had a point where the vans are essentially stuffed and where there is no path from the back, so you essentially have to use the front to organize and sort and deliver packages until you can work your way in to actually have some space.”

Amazon’s injury rate is dramatically higher than the warehousing industry average. A 2023 study found that 70 percent of Amazon workers surveyed reported having to take unpaid time off to recover from pain or exhaustion, and 40 percent reported having been injured on the job. For delivery drivers working at the pace Manny describes, injury is not a remote possibility—it is a statistical near-certainty over time.

The “rescue” system compounds the pressure. When a driver falls behind, a faster driver who has completed their own route is dispatched to absorb the remaining stops. “What was a 170-stop job turns into a 190-stop job because you have to take 20 stops for them in order for that person to finish,” he said. “It feels like you’ve finished your work, and then you have to help someone out, so you can’t go home yourself.”

*****

Amazon’s mandated half-hour break exists on paper. In practice, its usefulness is limited by a prohibition on leaving the designated route. “We’re not allowed to go off route and there aren’t really any bathrooms,” Manny said. “Sometimes we get lucky—if there was a construction site nearby, I would generally just use the porta potties, if they’re around.”

Winter conditions in Massachusetts and New Hampshire make an already strenuous job dangerous. “It gets darker quicker, so you’re basically delivering packages mostly in the night, and it’s generally hard to see houses, see hazards,” Manny said. The holiday peak—Cyber Monday, Christmas—coincides precisely with the shortest days and most dangerous driving conditions. 

*****

If a driver fails to complete their route within the allotted window, Amazon’s response is punitive and immediate: “If you overstep the time limit, you will receive less days of work.” 

***** 

Amazon’s turnover rate has been reported at approximately 150 percent annually—meaning the company churns through more workers each year than it actually employs at any given moment. High turnover is not a failure of Amazon’s business model but a deliberate feature of it, used to suppress seniority, instill fear and keep labor costs down.

The DSP structure itself is a weapon of labor control. By fragmenting the workforce across thousands of nominally independent small businesses—each responsible for hiring, firing, paying and insuring its own drivers—Amazon diffuses the collective power that workers might otherwise build. In addition to this, there are Amazon Flex workers who make deliveries out of their personal vehicles, similar to Uber or other rideshare apps.

“The fact that they have Flex drivers, in addition to the DSP, it’s all to keep us divided and from essentially organizing. Amazon has within their buildings posters saying why joining a union is bad, and that if you were to join a union, you have to pay the union bosses and everything—generally everything against social organizing. They were telling DSP owners to report if there was someone trying to unionize the DSP drivers. If the DSP drivers do get unionized, then Amazon will shut down the DSP. They’ve done that before.”

*****

The isolation built into the job reinforces the division. “You don’t have much time to talk to people,” Manny said. “It’s very rapid and fast paced. It’s just eight to 10 hours delivering packages.” 

*****

When asked to connect his daily experience to the broader political situation facing the working class, Manny made the following comparison:

“With Amazon, it’s pretty much a surveillance state,” he said. “You’re watched constantly all the time. Every little thing that you do serves as a violation, and then it comes back later when they try to discipline you. Amazon will send an alert to the DSP, and then the DSP will chastise you for a violation. If you rack up too many violations, then you are taken off the road.”

Workers at Amazon are exploited to their physical limits through computerized and AI-driven oversight. They are monitored by AI-powered devices—handheld scanners, badges, and cameras—that track and time workers and penalize them for excessive “Time off Task,” against which Amazon’s algorithms count even bathroom breaks. 

*****

Amazon’s methods of surveillance, high turnover and subcontracting have become a template for corporate America as a whole. The use of such techniques is now referred to in boardrooms as “Amazonization.” Meanwhile, Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s founder and largest individual shareholder, has accumulated a fortune estimated between $234 billion and $254 billion—wealth that has ballooned by thousands of percent over the past two decades on the backs of its workers.

“Workers need to organize for a mass general strike,” Manny said. “Clearly, the company doesn’t have your back. I doubt your job will be waiting for you afterwards. So, I would say that workers, despite the risks from Amazon and other companies trying to keep us stratified, we need to organize and have a planned system for a general strike—gathering resources, linking up with workers at other companies and setting a timetable for an indefinite general strike that will essentially grind this country to a halt. Because that’s the only thing that would stop them.”

Under the escalating drive of American militarism, the same workers that the ruling class demands build its warships at breakneck speed are denied wages that keep pace with inflation, affordable healthcare or any meaningful retirement security.

*****

In light of the Trump administration’s war against Iran, Manny commented on the role of Amazon as a military contractor, particularly its $581 million data center contract for the Air Force:

“This seems more like an excuse for the US government to give $581 million to Amazon. Amazon isn’t really a tech company, or a civil engineering company, and they don’t advertise about how they build data centers, and it was a no-bid contract, too. None of the workers who work for Amazon will see even a dime of that contract money. We drivers and package handlers are more productive than the US Air Force. Our jobs don’t involve sending bombs that cost $43 million to kill people who, like me, will never make that much money in their lifetime.”

The World Socialist Web Site urges Amazon DSP drivers and all logistics workers to make contact with us to share your experiences and connect with workers across the industry who are fighting back against the same conditions. The building of rank-and-file committees, independent of the corporate-controlled union bureaucracies, is essential to transforming that fight into a conscious and coordinated movement of the entire working class.

7. United States:  Draftsmen strike at Bath Iron Works as UAW bureaucracy pleads with War Secretary Hegseth

More than 620 shipyard workers at Bath Iron Works (BIW) in Bath, Maine walked off the job at midnight Monday after overwhelmingly rejecting a contract offered by General Dynamics, the massive military-industrial conglomerate that owns the facility. The strikers are members of the Bath Marine Draftsmen’s Association (BMDA), UAW Local 3999, and include designers, engineers, clerks and technicians whose labor is essential to the production of guided-missile destroyers for the United States Navy.

Under the escalating drive of American militarism, the same workers that the ruling class demands build its warships at breakneck speed are denied wages that keep pace with inflation, affordable healthcare or any meaningful retirement security.

*****

On February 9, so-called Secretary of War Pete Hegseth descended on Bath Iron Works as part of his “Arsenal of Freedom” tour, a nationwide propaganda circuit of defense contractors intended to whip up nationalist fervor for accelerated war production.

Speaking before roughly 850 assembled shipyard workers, Hegseth delivered a red-meat speech, calling BIW “the birthplace of American shipbuilding” and promising that the Trump administration would push production of Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyers—also known as DDGs—to the absolute limit. “I don’t know if I’m supposed to say this yet, but we’re maxing out on DDGs,” he told the crowd, which was met with chants of “USA!”

Hegseth also used the occasion to attack what he called “distractions and debris”—his euphemisms for diversity programs and protections for LGBTQ+ workers. “No more DEI. No more dudes in dresses. No more climate change worship, social justice or political correctness,” he declared from the stage. The speech was a naked attempt to bind workers’ identities to the military and its employer, General Dynamics, rather than to their class interests as workers.

The Trump administration has floated plans for a new “Trump class” of warships—described as longer and larger than any current Navy vessel outside of aircraft carriers and fitted with missiles, rail guns and lasers still under development. Bath Iron Works has signaled its eagerness to design and build them. Meanwhile, the Pentagon’s recently signed defense appropriations law directed $1 billion toward a new Arleigh Burke destroyer, $450 million for shipyard infrastructure modernization, and $300 million in so-called “wage enhancements” to be split between BIW and Mississippi-based Huntington Ingalls Industries.

*****

The escalating military production at Bath Iron Works does not exist in a vacuum. Each Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, the backbone of the Navy’s surface fleet, costs approximately $2 billion and takes six years to build. They are the instruments of a government now openly conducting an intensified military campaign in Iran, expanding its naval posture across the Pacific, and funding proxy conflicts around the world. The workers of Bath Iron Works are being asked to sacrifice their wages and their health to produce the hardware of American imperialism. 

*****

The contradiction between General Dynamics’ billions in profit and the poverty wages of the workers who produce its destroyers is not an anomaly of one company or one shipyard. American capitalism in 2026 is a system that can conjure up trillions for military procurement and stock buybacks while telling workers there is nothing left for them.

Workers at BIW need to take a stand against the US‑Israeli war against Iran, which is being financed and sustained by the same ruling class that demands discipline and concessions from workers while diverting billions to the military and shrinking social services at home. 

8. Australia:  University staff strike in Newcastle

Stoppages at the University of Newcastle and University of Technology Sydney show the need for a unified struggle against the Albanese government’s funding cuts and pro-corporate restructuring.

9. Explosion rocks Valero’s Port Arthur, Texas refinery

This is the second major incident at a US refinery in the past five months, following an explosion at the El Segundo Chevron refinery which rocked much of the Los Angeles area last October.

10. Trump’s handpicked board of trustees votes to close Kennedy Center for two years

The closure, which Trump said is to coincide with the nation’s celebrations of its 250th anniversary of independence, comes as artists and performers cancel events at the national cultural institution of the United States capital.

11. G7 states condemn Iran and prepare entry into the war

The G7 statement marks the European imperialist powers’ final departure from international law in favor of the principle that "might makes right.”

12. Australia, New Zealand solidify pro-US military alliance against China

The two imperialist powers are moving to establish a combined “Anzac force” that will support US-led wars and dominate impoverished Pacific countries.

13. Purge of military, government advances US regime change operation in Venezuela

The Chavista regime in Caracas headed by Washington’s proxy, acting President Delcy Rodríguez, carried out a sweeping overhaul of the government and military command in recent days dressed up fraudulently as an expression of “national sovereignty.”

After Washington restored diplomatic relations and reopened its embassy in Caracas earlier this month, what is unfolding is the consolidation of the US‑orchestrated coup d’état launched with the January 3 bombing campaign and kidnapping of President Nicolás Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores.

Rodríguez, who was Maduro’s vice president, has named a new defense minister and new chiefs for all branches of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces, including the operational command, army, navy, air force, National Guard and the militia.

Just this month alone, she has carried out replacements in the ministries of Defense, Transport, Hydrocarbons, Electric Energy, Labor, Housing, Higher Education, Tourism and Culture. She had already changed the heads of the ministries of Industry, Communications, Ecosocialism and Water, and the Office of the Presidency.

The bulk of these reshuffles were announced on March 18, with Rodríguez having now made 13 cabinet changes—nearly half of the 32 portfolios. Two days later, on March 20, she announced “new commanders of the Strategic Regions of Integral Defense” (REDI), reshaping the territorial military leadership across the country.

Rodríguez claims that these changes are aimed at guaranteeing “sovereignty, peace, stability and territorial integrity.” But the real aim is to consolidate a new power structure directly subservient to US imperialism.

*****

The swearing in of the new military chiefs took place just one day after Rodríguez met with a delegation from the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, alongside Laura Dogu, the chargé d’affaires of the US Embassy who has effectively overseen the regime’s transformation step by step.

In addition to that delegation, top‑level US political, military and intelligence figures have streamed through Caracas since January 3, including senior State Department officials responsible for Latin America, Pentagon representatives involved in Southern Command planning, the CIA chief and other and high‑ranking members of the intelligence community tasked with “stabilization” and “security cooperation” in Venezuela.

These appointments are not only about purging “unreliable” elements and reshaping the internal balance among rival Chavista factions; they are also meant to reassure global capital with a reliable guarantor of property rights and repression against the working class.

*****

The vast reshuffling of the state and the parade of investors show that the bourgeois nationalists who built their entire project on denouncing the “sellout” (“entreguista”) layers of the Venezuelan bourgeoisie are now handing over the country’s key resources to imperialism. The World Socialist Web Site does not defend “national sovereignty” in a positive sense as a defense of the bourgeois nation‑state, but condemns the current handover of the economy to Washington from the standpoint of the independent interests of the working class.

Workers must not cede to any faction of the ruling class the struggle against imperialism or, for that matter, the defense of a given country against foreign domination. The bourgeois nationalist cliques in power use control of resources above all to exploit workers and maintain their security forces as the ultimate line of defense—not for the people, but for capitalist rule.

The current accommodation of the Chavista establishment to Trump vindicates in the negative the Theory of Permanent Revolution. In the epoch of imperialism, the bourgeoisie in belatedly developed countries is incapable of resolving the basic tasks of democratic development—national independence, land reform and democratic forms of rule—because it is organically tied to world finance capital and terrified of the revolutionary aspirations of “its own” working class. These tasks fall to the proletariat, which must take power on the basis of an international socialist program whose fate, like that of the October 1917 Russian Revolution, depends on the extension of the struggle to the advanced capitalist centers.

This question is of burning urgency today. The drive to “abolish the 20th century” and reimpose colonial shackles on oppressed nations across Latin America, Asia and Africa—through wars, coups, blockades and “shock therapy”—is inseparably linked to explosive economic turmoil, sweeping attacks on social and democratic rights, and the turn toward fascist forms of rule in the United States and other imperialist centers.

The program to fight the US‑Chavista regime‑change operation in Venezuela is not a return to the bankrupt nationalist illusions of “Bolivarian socialism,” but the conscious, independent mobilization of Venezuelan workers, together with their class brothers and sisters throughout the Americas and internationally, for workers’ power and the socialist reorganization of society. 

14. Brazilian JBS workers speak out on wages, degrading conditions and the Greeley strike in US

Last Friday, reporters for the World Socialist Web Site (WSWS) visited the JBS Jaguaré plant in São Paulo to speak with Brazilian workers about the historic strike by their fellow workers at the company’s plant in Greeley, Colorado—the largest work stoppage in the US meatpacking industry since the 1950s, now entering its third week.

The WSWS team distributed a Portuguese language version of the statement “Organize the working class to support the JBS meatpacking strike!” which calls for the international unification of JBS workers as the only effective path to confronting the transnational company and winning real improvements in working conditions and wages across all the countries in which it operates.

The distribution took place against the backdrop of the rapidly escalating global capitalist crisis and the criminal US-Israeli war against Iran. The war on Iran has already triggered a sharp rise in oil and fuel prices worldwide, directly striking Brazilian workers. Donald Trump’s tariff offensive is deepening trade tensions and intensifying the assault on the living standards of the working class in both countries. The same pressures that drove Greeley workers to launch a strike are present, with equal force, at JBS plants in Brazil.

Despite the Greeley strike having continued for two weeks, most workers the WSWS spoke with at the Jaguaré plant were unaware of its existence. This news blackout is not accidental.

15. Your Party Scotland adopts separatism

Last month, a Your Party Scotland founding conference attracted just 200 people and significantly deepened Your Party’s political debacle.

From the first, Your Party has been bogged down in vicious factional fighting between Jeremy Corbyn’s “The Many” faction and Zarah Sultana’s “Grassroots Left”, incorporating much of the British pseudo left.

Both factions put forward social reformism under capitalism.

Corbyn and his supporters, led by longtime Labour Party and trade union apparatchiks, advocate the mildest collection of social improvements. They conceive of the party as an instrument to pressure the Labour Party, which Corbyn never wanted to leave.

Sultana offered a more left-sounding agenda, with occasional mentions of “workers’ control of the economy” and more trenchant criticisms of the Labour government’s social and war policies.

Thus riven, Your Party’s membership has fallen to 41,000 members, of whom 2,500 were delegated to attend the founding conference, and 25,000 voted in the party’s leadership elections.

Neither Corbyn’s nor Sultana’ s vision of social concessions and opposition to imperialist war under capitalism are remotely viable. Both are completely at odds with the trajectory of British and world capitalism, in which the globally integrated world economy is organized by competing cliques of the capitalist oligarchy based on the most brutal exploitation of the working class. All the social reforms of previous eras are being rapidly destroyed, along with democratic rights, fueling an eruption of militarism and war. 

*****

Developments in Scotland have deepened the factional fissures. Your Party in Scotland is dominated by the nationalist pseudo left, with the Socialist Party Scotland (SPS), the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), the Scottish Socialist Youth (SSY) and a clutch of former Greens all supporting Sultana’s Grassroots Left faction. All see Your Party as a vehicle in which to revive their campaign tail ending the Scottish National Party’s (SNP) drive for a second Scottish independence referendum. In a 2014 vote, Scottish secession from the UK was rejected by 55 to 45 percent.

In line with this, the Dundee conference voted by a substantial majority to set up an “autonomous nation” Your Party Scotland (YPS). This was presented by Philip Stott of the SPS as an opportunity to walk away from “the collective mistakes, the bureaucratic and top-down measures which have dominated the first seven or eight months of the existence of Your Party...”

*****

The main debate at the founding conference, ignoring all else, was on Scottish independence. 

*****

Fundamental points must be made on this unequivocal embrace of nationalism and separatism by YPS.

Firstly, there is no national question in Scotland. As the Socialist Equality Party noted in its 2014 statement “Vote “no” in the Scottish referendum—Fight for a socialist Britain”:

Scotland is not an oppressed nation, but part of an imperialist state. Its ruling elite has committed countless crimes and shared in the brutal exploitation of millions the world over. Waving the Saltire [Scottish flag]in people’s faces is meant to conceal the basic fact that workers in Scotland are not oppressed because of their nationality, but because of their class position within capitalist society. This is just as reactionary as the waving of the Union Flag by their opponents.

The Act of Union in 1707 provided the framework for the development of capitalism and a vast growth in the productive forces. This in turn formed the basis for the emergence of the first industrial working class in the world. Since then, working people in England, Scotland and Wales have fought side by side in epic struggles, including the great revolutionary Chartist movement for democracy and equality, the general strike of 1926, the mass strike movement that brought down a Tory government in 1974 and the year-long miners’ strike of 1984-85.

Secondly, social reformism under capitalism is bankrupt everywhere in the world. The prospects of a meaningful and sustained increase in living standards being secured by carving out a new and tiny capitalist state from the UK are non-existent.

Scottish separatism, and the various left garbs in which it is cloaked, serve definite class interests opposed to those of the working class on both sides of the border.

*****

No doubt Corbyn’s faction considered it useful to their relations with Labour and their internal factions to sabotage their “comrades’” election campaign north of the border. The dispute makes it more likely that, sooner rather than later, Your Party Scotland will split from the organization in England, hastening the collapse of both. 

*****

A new mass socialist party of the working class is urgently needed. But Your Party is not that party. Its accelerating collapse testifies to the outmoded character of its program and perspective, based on national reformism and the maintenance of the capitalist system.

Under today’s conditions of globally integrated production, with a massive expansion of the working class globally, only a party which seeks to resolve the contradiction between world economy and the nation state system by directing every social and democratic struggle of working people towards the struggle for world socialism can find a way forward.

As the SEP stated in our 22 October 2025 Open Letter to Your Party supporters:

Yes, a mass socialist party of the working class is needed urgently. Such a party must be international, linking British workers with their class brother and sisters worldwide; it must be based on the political independence of the working class from the capitalist class and its servants in the labor and trade union bureaucracy; and it must encourage the growth of rank-and-file organizations in every workplace and neighborhood to mobilize the working class to expropriate the wealth of the oligarchy, break the resistance of the state, and place economic and political power in the hands of the working class, the overwhelming majority of the population.

Such a party will only develop in a determined fight to develop socialist political consciousness in the working class against the reformist, pro-capitalist politics of Corbyn, Sultana and their backers in the pseudo-left. A party capable of defeating imperialism requires a leadership grounded in the lessons of history, based on the century-long struggle of the Trotskyist movement for the strategy of world socialist revolution. That party is the Socialist Equality Party, the British section of the International Committee of the Fourth International.

16. United Kingdom:  Birmingham bin strike: Labour council leader offers talks with Unite on sellout terms

What has been accepted on a de facto basis by the Unite apparatus—including the axing of the WRCO role-- must be challenged by rank-and-file workers to prevent a final sell-out.

17. Workers Struggles: The Americas

Argentina:

Nationwide strike by university educators

Chile:

Tens of thousands march in Santiago on Water Day

Canada:

More union locals authorize strike action Nova Scotia long-term care workers push for all out fight

Mexico:

Administration workers strike 20 college campuses in greater Mexico City

United States:

University of Illinois Springfield faculty votes to strike 
AT&T contract negotiations extended as workers vote to strike
 
Workers strike Paynesville, Minnesota dairy plant after year of negotiations fail to produce an agreement

18. Defending political and artistic dissent: Why Banksy’s anonymity matters

For more than twenty years, the British artist known as Banksy has stood as a rare figure in contemporary culture for his exposure of state violence, imperialist war and social inequality.

Banksy’s work, when it hits the target, is genuinely powerful. His stencilled art appears on walls around the world; his efforts have raised tens of millions for humanitarian causes; and his political interventions can sometimes slice through the fog of official propaganda.

Banksy’s appeal has been broad and enduring. In 2017, a national poll ranked Girl with Balloon as the UK’s favorite artwork, and the current touring exhibition The Mystery of Banksy – A Genius Mind—one of several ventures he has criticised for their commerciality—has traveled through 36 cities across Europe, attracting more than 3.5 million visitors. 

That such a figure has survived this long without being absorbed, neutralized or destroyed by the state media apparatus is in part a testament to the importance of the anonymity he has sought.

Banksy’s anonymity has acted as a democratic shield. It has allowed him to indict the crimes of the powerful in a mass popular medium without facing immediate legal sanction, corporate blacklisting, far right threats and state surveillance. It has helped make dissent possible in an increasingly authoritarian political environment. And it is precisely this shield that the ruling class—through its media, its courts and its security agencies—is now determined to tear away.

*****

Reuters’ insistence on Banksy being made subject to “scrutiny” and “accountability” is a barely concealed demand that political expression must be brought under state oversight. This becomes explicit in the treatment of Banksy’s Royal Courts of Justice mural, which appeared on 8 September 2025—four days after the High Court moved to uphold the proscription of Palestine Action, and two days after nearly 900 people were arrested for protesting the crackdown.

The mural showed an unarmed protester lying on the ground. A judge, in black gown and white wig, stands over him, beating him with a gavel. The protester’s right hand is empty. His left holds a blood-spattered placard.

The mural was removed within 48 hours, supposedly to protect the Grade I listed building, and the government has since spent £23,690 on the clean up. For a period, the removed mural still appeared as a shadow and continued to attract attention. This prompted the state to fence off and conceal the shadow behind a boarded structure with a padlocked gate!

Nevertheless, the British authorities have proceeded with caution regarding Banksy himself. The Metropolitan Police has not brought charges, which can carry up to 10 years’ imprisonment if the damage exceeds £5,000; they are still “making inquiries”. A prosecution would require Banksy to appear under his legal name.

*****

Media institutions play a vital role by generating hysteria, framing dissent as deviant, and carrying out unmaskings in the name of civic duty.

Reuters specifically foregrounds Banksy’s pro Palestine work—murals on the separation wall in Bethlehem, the Walled Off Hotel in the West Bank, donations to Palestinian hospitals—defining solidarity with an oppressed people as a mark of subversion.

Working near Horenka in Ukraine, Banksy produced murals in bombed-out buildings. Even regarding this work on a war armed and financed by the imperialist powers, Reuters questions “how an anonymous British artist could access a frontline zone.”

The witch-hunt of Banksy extends seamlessly to Robert Del Naja, the singer-songwriter of Massive Attack. Although the report concedes he is not Banksy, as has been previously claimed, it highlights his own graffiti past and presence in Ukraine at the same time, tainting him by association. He has been repeatedly attacked by Israeli media and pro-Israel commentators.

Reuters is not simply asking who Banksy is. It is asking why he is not being policed, monitored or punished like other dissenting voices. It treats the state’s escalating repression of protesters as the baseline, and Banksy’s ability to continue making political art as the aberration.

The right-wing press has seized on this opening with predictable ferocity. A Spectator article, “The Vandalism of Banksy,” dispenses with the language of public interest and moves straight to denunciation. 

*****

All such attempts to target Banksy for seeking to maintain his anonymity must be strenuously opposed. Ultimately, the defense of dissenting artists requires organized, independent political action by the working class to secure democratic rights. This is inseparable from the struggle against imperialist war and austerity and constructing a political movement capable of challenging the capitalist social order. 

19. Defend and help free Ukrainian socialist and anti-war activist, Bogdan Syrotiuk! Please add your name to our petition! 

The fight for the Ukrainian socialist and anti-war activist's freedom is an essential component of the struggle against imperialist war, genocide, dictatorship and fascism.

Mar 24, 2026

In full: the following is the text of a lecture delivered by World Socialist Web Site International Editorial Board Chairman David North at Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany, on March 24, 2026.

American imperialism and the oppression of Iran

On February 28, 2026, the United States and Israel, without even a formal declaration of war, launched a massive attack on Iran, striking military bases, government facilities and cities across the country. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei was killed in the initial assault, along with numerous other officials and an unknown number of civilians. Schools, hospitals, and cultural heritage sites were damaged or destroyed.

Within days, the United States had dropped 5,000-pound bunker-buster bombs on Iranian missile sites along the Strait of Hormuz. A US submarine torpedoed and sank the Iranian frigate IRIS Dena in the Indian Ocean, a vessel the Pentagon knew to be unarmed, as it was returning from a multinational naval exercise that required participating ships to carry no ammunition. Eighty crew members were killed. It was the first ship sunk by an American submarine since World War II.

As of this lecture, the war has been underway for more than three weeks. More than 1,500 people have been killed in Iran, including at least 160 in an American missile strike on a girls’ school. Over 4,000 civilian buildings have been damaged. In self-defense, Iran has responded with missile and drone strikes across the Gulf region, hitting targets in Israel, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The Strait of Hormuz, through which one-fifth of the world’s oil ordinarily flows, has been effectively closed. Oil prices have surged past $110 a barrel. The International Energy Agency has described the situation as the “greatest global energy security challenge in history.” Twenty thousand seafarers are stranded in the Gulf. International shipping has ground to a halt.

President Trump has demanded Iran’s “unconditional surrender.” He has threatened to strike Iran’s nuclear plants and power grid. He has declared that regime change “will happen.” The United States Defense Secretary has said the military will not relent until “the enemy is totally and decisively defeated.” American intelligence’s own assessments, meanwhile, have concluded that Iran’s alleged long-range ballistic missile threat to the United States is unfounded, with such capabilities requiring development until at least 2035.

The attack was launched on the very night that Omani mediators reported major progress in nuclear negotiations and that Iran had agreed, in principle, to zero out its enriched uranium stockpile. Iran’s foreign minister had publicly stated that a “historic” agreement to avert war was “within reach.” The United States chose war over a negotiated settlement.

The danger of a widening conflagration is not hypothetical, but rather an active variable in the calculations of every government on earth.

The historical parallel that imposes itself is not the Gulf War of 1991 or the invasion of Iraq in 2003, but August 1914. The First World War began as a regional conflict in the Balkans and expanded, through the logic of alliances, imperial rivalries and miscalculation, into a global catastrophe that destroyed four empires and killed 20 million people.

The mechanisms of escalation in the present crisis are no less dangerous. The interconnection of the Iran war with the conflicts in Ukraine, the South China Sea and the broader US confrontation with both Russia and China means that a single incident—a stray missile striking a NATO member, a naval confrontation in the Gulf, an attack on a nuclear facility—could trigger a chain of events that no government has the capacity to control. The working class and all of humanity confront a situation that Trotsky described so prophetically on the eve of World War II. The ruling class “now toboggans with closed eyes toward an economic and military catastrophe.”

This war is “a crime against peace,” the first and most fundamental charge in the indictment brought against the Nazi leadership at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg in 1945–46. Of the 22 defendants tried at Nuremberg, 13 were found guilty of waging wars of aggression. Eleven were hanged on October 16, 1946. Hermann Goering, Hitler’s second-in-command, escaped the noose by swallowing cyanide hours before his scheduled execution.

The chief American prosecutor at Nuremberg, Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson, opened the trial with words that remain the most authoritative statement of the principle that international law binds the powerful no less than the powerless. “The privilege of opening the first trial in history for crimes against the peace of the world imposes a grave responsibility,” Jackson declared. “The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, because it cannot survive their being repeated.”

Jackson insisted that the law established at Nuremberg could not be applied selectively. “While this law is first applied against German aggressors,” he wrote, “the law includes, and if it is to serve a useful purpose it must condemn aggression by any other nations, including those which sit here now in judgment.” And he stated, with a bluntness that indicts the entire subsequent history of American foreign policy, “Any resort to war—to any kind of a war—is a resort to means that are inherently criminal. An honestly defensive war is, of course, legal. But inherently criminal acts cannot be defended by showing that those who committed them were engaged in a war, when war itself is illegal.”

By the standard Jackson articulated and the Tribunal enforced, the war against Iran is an aggressive war, launched without provocation, without authorization from the United Nations Security Council, without a declaration of war by the US Congress, and in violation of the United Nations Charter, which prohibits the use of force against the territorial integrity of any state. Iran had not attacked the United States. It posed no imminent threat to the United States. It was in the process of negotiating a comprehensive agreement.

The European imperialist powers are entirely complicit in this crime. Their differences with Washington, to the extent that they exist, are of a purely tactical character. The European Union issued a statement on March 1 that did not condemn the US-Israeli surprise attack but instead denounced Iran’s retaliatory strikes as “inexcusable.” The European Council “strongly condemned Iran’s indiscriminate military strikes” while calling only for “maximum restraint” and the “protection of civilians”—language addressed to both sides as though the aggressor and the victim of aggression were morally equivalent. Germany’s Chancellor Merz described Iran as a “major security threat” and argued that decades of diplomacy had failed. France deployed its aircraft carrier to the region to “protect French interests.”

For four years, these same European governments have denounced what they call Russia’s “unprovoked war” against Ukraine—a war that was, in fact, hardly unprovoked, having arisen directly out of the relentless eastward expansion of NATO and the systematic effort to transform Ukraine into a forward base of operations against Russia. But let us accept, for the sake of argument, the Europeans’ own framing. They have invoked international law, the sanctity of sovereignty and the inviolability of borders. They have imposed sweeping sanctions on Russia and supplied Ukraine with tens of billions of dollars in weapons. Yet confronted with an indisputably unprovoked war launched by their principal ally against a nation of 91 million people—a war that has killed more than 1,500 civilians, closed the world’s most important shipping lane, and threatens nuclear catastrophe—they have not uttered a single word of opposition. The “rules-based international order” has been exposed, once again, as a euphemism for the right of the imperialist powers to make war on whomever they choose.

It is necessary to address the narrative that has come to dominate virtually all public discussion of this war—on both the right and the left. That narrative holds that the war against Iran is to be explained primarily, and in some versions exclusively, as the product of Israeli and Zionist influence over American foreign policy. According to this account, the United States has no independent interest in conflict with Iran, was manipulated or coerced into the war by Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli lobby, and would pursue an entirely different course in the Middle East if freed from this malign influence.

This interpretation has been advanced most aggressively by figures on the nationalist right. Tucker Carlson, the most influential voice in this camp, declared on March 3, 2026: “This happened because Israel wanted it to happen. This is Israel’s war. This is not the United States’ war.” Carlson went further, asserting that “The United States didn’t make the decision here. Benjamin Netanyahu did.”

Colonel Douglas MacGregor, former adviser to the Secretary of Defense, has argued in the same vein. Speaking two days before the war began, MacGregor stated, “I think he recognizes that he has not much choice. We have to understand who put him into the White House and the enormous power and influence of the Israel lobby and the Zionist billionaires in the United States that contribute to it.” In a post on social media after the war began, MacGregor asked, “For what? So Israel that started this insane war can drag Americans into a wider regional conflict?”

This narrative has been largely accepted, with varying degrees of sophistication, by the left-liberal opposition as well. Jeffrey Sachs, the Columbia University economist, has described the war as driven by “two malignant narcissists, Netanyahu and Trump,” and frames the conflict primarily as an Israeli project for “Greater Israel” and regional hegemony. Figures such as Max Blumenthal and Chris Hedges, and organizations like CodePink, which adopted the slogan “We won’t die for Israel’s war,” have framed the conflict in essentially the same terms as the nationalist right, that is, as a war fought for Israel, not America.

There is no question that the Israeli lobby is real and that it expends immense resources to influence American policy. There is also no question that Israel has sought this war for decades, that Netanyahu provided the intelligence on Khamenei’s location that made the February 28 strike possible, and that the Israeli regime, which has practiced genocide in Gaza and whose character is increasingly and unmistakably fascistic, bears enormous responsibility for the catastrophe now engulfing the Middle East.

The World Socialist Web Site has been second to none in its opposition to the Israeli state, an opposition that dates back to 1948, when the Fourth International opposed the formation of the state of Israel. The struggle, ideological and political, waged by Marxism against Zionism dates all the way back to the 1880s. Trotsky himself described Zionism as the promotion of a reactionary utopia, with potentially catastrophic consequences. His warning has been realized.

However, the explanation of the war as not only primarily but even solely a product of Zionist influence is profoundly wrong—not only as a historical analysis, but as a political perspective. It leads, whether its proponents intend it or not, to an apology for and even alignment with American imperialism. If the problem is Israeli influence, then the solution is to remove that influence and replace it with a “good” foreign policy that defends genuine “All-American” interests. Foreign policy becomes a matter of hygiene—of purging a foreign contaminant from an otherwise healthy body politic. This perspective is closely related to the reactionary, and essentially antisemitic, tradition that asserts a fundamental distinction between healthy and productive Christian capitalism and parasitic, usurious, Jewish-dominated finance capital. It is no accident that Carlson’s commentary has migrated, within days, from criticism of Israel’s foreign policy to conspiracy theories about Jewish control of the American state.

In the case of the present war, the Israel-centric narrative detaches the conflict from any coherent historical, geopolitical, socioeconomic and class analysis of its origins, causes, and aims. It essentially abandons imperialism as an analytical framework. It entirely ignores the long and pernicious role of British, German and finally American imperialism in the oppression of Persia-Iran. The issue of oil—the material foundation of the entire conflict—is pushed into the background. It totally disconnects this war from the protracted struggle waged by the United States against Iran since 1979, aimed at reversing the results of the Iranian Revolution, which has included vicious financial sanctions, military attacks, the use of proxies—Iraq and Israel, as well as the Gulf States—and, finally, the past 35 years of wars waged by the United States and its NATO allies across the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia.

Moreover, the Israel-centric interpretation severs the link between this war and the ongoing preparations of the United States for war against Russia and China. As the World Socialist Web Site has stressed, the aim of the United States is to abolish all the residual traces of the social and democratic revolutions of the 20th century, and to reorganize the world under the hegemonic control of the United States. This project is driven not simply by evil intentions, let alone the madness and criminality of Donald Trump, but by the imperatives of American capitalism to reverse the protracted deterioration of the global financial position of the United States through war.

Trump himself was brought to power by the American ruling class. His presidency is the product not of a popular insurgency but of the deliberate decision by dominant sections of the financial oligarchy to install in the White House a figure willing to employ the methods of the criminal underworld in the conduct of both domestic and foreign policy. The Epstein affair, in which a vast section of the financial and political elite is implicated in crimes of the most sordid character, offers a glimpse into the social milieu from which this administration emerged.

The war against Iran is being conducted by a government that is itself the expression of the terminal degeneration of American bourgeois democracy. Inseparably connected to the global imperatives of American capitalism is the use of war as a means of violently suppressing domestic working class opposition to the ruling capitalist oligarchy and the entire structure of capitalist exploitation.

The war in Iran, which followed the attack on Venezuela and the ongoing efforts to strangle Cuba, neither of which is related to Zionist interests, has developed against the backdrop of the fascistic paramilitary violence of ICE, which has included the murder of American citizens and the brutal persecution of the immigrant population. The logic of this war is not merely the logic of the Israeli lobby. It is the logic of imperialism in its epoch of historical crisis.

To demonstrate this, one must review the actual history of the American relationship with Iran, a history that long predates the modern Israeli state and that is rooted not in Zionist machinations but in oil, geopolitical control and the class interests of American capitalism.

To understand why the United States has been waging war—economic, covert, and now openly military—against Iran for nearly half a century, one must begin not with ideology but with geography. Iran sits at the intersection of three critical zones of the world economy: Central Asia, South Asia and the Persian Gulf. It possesses the world’s fourth-largest proven oil reserves and the second-largest natural gas reserves. Moreover, Iran commands the northern shore of the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow passage through which, prior to the current war, approximately 20 percent of the world’s oil supply transited daily.

No serious strategist in Washington has ever failed to understand this. The struggle over Iran has never been, in its essence, about terrorism, about nuclear weapons, about human rights or about Israel. These have all served as pretexts, rationalizations and instruments. The fundamental issue has always been who controls the oil resources of the Persian Gulf, and on what terms.

The imperialist powers grasped this long before the United States entered the scene. Britain began extracting Iranian oil in 1908 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which became the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and, eventually, British Petroleum. For the first half of the 20th century, Iran was effectively a British semi-colony. Its oil wealth was extracted by a foreign corporation, its politics were shaped by the British embassy and its sovereignty was nominal.

Germany, too, recognized Iran’s strategic importance. Under the Kaiser, German capital competed for influence in Persia as part of the broader rivalry with Britain, a rivalry that contributed to the outbreak of the First World War. During the Second World War, the Nazis cultivated relations with Reza Shah Pahlavi, whose germanophile tendencies alarmed the Allies sufficiently to justify the Anglo-Soviet invasion of 1941. The British seized the southern oil fields; the Soviets occupied the north. Iran’s sovereignty was, as so often, dispensed with when it conflicted with great-power interests. It was into this arena of inter-imperialist competition that the United States entered during the Second World War—and it has never left.

This is not a secret. The 2025 National Security Strategy of the United States stated it with unusual candor: “America will always have core interests in ensuring that Gulf energy supplies do not fall into the hands of an outright enemy, and that the Strait of Hormuz remain open.” That single sentence, written by Trump’s own national security apparatus, demolishes the claim that the United States has no independent interest in a war against Iran.

The strategic importance of Iran to American imperialism was recognized not in 1979, and not in 2001, but during the Second World War. In November 1943, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin convened at the Tehran Conference—the first meeting of the Big Three—in the capital of Iran. The choice of location was itself significant. Iran had been jointly invaded and occupied by Britain and the Soviet Union in August 1941, and it served as the critical supply corridor through which American Lend-Lease material reached the Soviet front.

At Tehran, the three leaders issued a joint declaration pledging to respect Iran’s independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and promising economic assistance after the war. But the conference also forced Roosevelt to confront a reality that would shape American grand strategy for the next eight decades, that whoever controlled Iran controlled the gateway to the richest oil reserves on earth.

The first great-power confrontation of the Cold War did not occur in Berlin or Korea. It occurred in Iran. Under the wartime occupation agreement, all Allied forces were to withdraw from Iran within six months after the end of hostilities. The United States and Britain withdrew on schedule.

The Truman administration, which had adopted a posture of “toughness” toward the former wartime ally, treated the Iranian crisis as a test case for the emerging doctrine of containment. The United States pressured the Soviet Union through the newly created United Nations Security Council—one of the first issues the body ever considered—and through direct diplomatic confrontation. Under combined pressure, the Soviets withdrew in May 1946.

The significance of this episode cannot be overstated. Iran was the first arena in which the United States asserted its will against the USSR and prevailed. It established the pattern—the defense of Western access to Persian Gulf oil as a core strategic imperative—that has governed American policy in the region ever since. And it established Iran as an American client state, a status that would be formalized and deepened over the next three decades.

The critical episode in the history of US-Iran relations, the one that explains everything that followed, occurred on August 19, 1953, when the CIA and British intelligence overthrew the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh and reinstalled the Shah as Iran’s absolute ruler.

Mossadegh’s offense was that he had nationalized Iran’s oil industry. Since 1908, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company had extracted Iran’s oil wealth while paying the Iranian government a fraction of the revenue. When Mossadegh moved to reclaim national control of this resource, Britain imposed an embargo and blockade and then turned to the United States for assistance in removing him from power.

The Eisenhower administration, presented with the opportunity by the British and motivated by both Cold War fears and the desire of American oil companies to gain access to Iranian concessions, authorized the CIA to execute the coup. The operation, codenamed Ajax, was led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr.—grandson of Theodore Roosevelt and cousin of the CIA agent Archibald Roosevelt Jr., who would later surface as an adviser to David Rockefeller at Chase Manhattan Bank. Some 300 people were killed in the fighting in Tehran.

In the coup’s aftermath, the Shah consolidated absolute power. The secret police, SAVAK, was created with CIA and Israeli Mossad assistance. Major General Norman Schwarzkopf Sr., father of the Gulf War commander, was sent by the CIA to train the security forces that would enforce the Shah’s rule. Oil was reorganized under a new consortium in which five American companies now shared the spoils alongside the renamed British Petroleum, Shell and French interests. The crushing of Iran’s democratic experiment had served its purpose. American capital now had direct access to Iranian oil.

The claim that the United States has “no interest” in conflict with Iran is refuted not only by the historical record but by the US government’s own classified and published strategic documents, which have identified Iran as a critical American interest, and as a threat, continuously since the 1950s.

The documentary trail begins immediately after the 1953 coup. NSC 5402/1, the first comprehensive statement of US policy toward Iran after Mossadegh’s overthrow, established the framework. Iran was to be maintained as a pro-Western client state, its military supported, its oil flowing to Western markets. By 1958, NSC 5821/1, adopted by the Eisenhower National Security Council, stated the matter with characteristic bluntness. It stated, “Iran’s strategic location between the USSR and the Persian Gulf and its great oil reserves make it critically important to the United States that Iran’s friendship, independence and territorial integrity be maintained.” The document authorized the employment of American armed forces to protect Iran’s territorial integrity and political independence.

From 1953 until 1979, the Shah served as Washington’s “Gendarme of the Persian Gulf”—the phrase used in American strategic doctrine following the Nixon Doctrine of 1969, which held that regional allies, rather than American ground forces, should police the developing world on Washington’s behalf. Between 1970 and 1978, the Shah ordered $20 billion worth of American arms—what one member of Congress called “the most rapid build-up of military power under peacetime conditions of any nation in the history of the world.” Iran became the single largest customer for US arms exports. Grumman, Bell Helicopter, Northrop, Rockwell International and dozens of other American defense contractors made billions from the relationship. By 1973, an estimated 3,600 American technicians were working on arms-related projects inside Iran, with the number projected to reach 25,000 by 1980.

Chase Manhattan Bank, under David Rockefeller, syndicated more than $1.7 billion in loans for Iranian public projects, approximately $5.8 billion in today’s dollars. The Chase balance sheet held over $360 million in direct loans to Iran and more than $500 million in Iranian deposits. The financial, military and intelligence relationship between the United States and the Shah’s regime was not a diplomatic alliance in the ordinary sense. It was a system of imperial extraction and control, lubricated by arms sales and banking profits, enforced by a secret police trained by the CIA, and justified by the Cold War.

SAVAK, the instrument of internal repression, was notorious. It operated with what the record describes as a “loose leash” to employ torture against suspected dissidents. Hundreds of people were executed for political reasons during the Shah’s final two decades in power. Thousands were imprisoned. And the population of Iran knew that the Shah’s power rested not on any domestic legitimacy but on the 1953 coup and the continuing support of the United States.

The American relationship with the Shah did not exist in isolation. It was embedded in a broader Western alliance in which the major European powers, and particularly the Federal Republic of Germany, were willing and profitable partners. Under Chancellors Adenauer, Erhard and Kiesinger, the West German government cultivated close relations with the Shah’s regime. Germany was a major trading partner and investor in Iranian infrastructure. The West German government received the Shah with the full honors of a democratic ally, despite his well-documented record of political repression, torture and murder. The Shah was anti-communist, he had oil to sell, and that was sufficient.

The complicity of the German state in the Shah’s dictatorship was clearly exposed on June 2, 1967, when the Shah visited West Berlin during the chancellorship of Kurt Georg Kiesinger—himself a former member of the Nazi Party. Students and exiled Iranians organized a protest near the Deutsche Oper, where the Shah was attending a performance of Mozart’s The Magic Flute. Agents of SAVAK, the Shah’s secret police, operating under the protection of the Berlin police, attacked the demonstrators with wooden staves.

The police then launched what the journalist Sebastian Haffner described as “a cold-bloodedly planned pogrom of a type which remained an exception even in the concentration camps of the Third Reich.” The conservative Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung concluded that the police had “without any serious necessity responded with the planned brutality one associates with newspaper reports from fascist or semi-fascist countries.”

During the assault, 26-year-old student Benno Ohnesorg—married, with his wife expecting their first child, and attending his first political demonstration—was cornered in a courtyard. Three policemen held him while plainclothes detective Karl-Heinz Kurras shot him in the back of the head. Ohnesorg was unarmed. He had attacked no one. Hospital records were falsified, and an attempt was made to conceal the bullet wound. Kurras was tried and acquitted. It was not the West Berlin police chief’s methods that were anomalous; Erich Duensing had been a staff officer in the Wehrmacht under Nazi Germany.

The murder of Benno Ohnesorg became the catalytic event of the German student movement and the broader radicalization of 1968. But for the purposes of this lecture, its significance lies elsewhere. It demonstrated that the Shah’s apparatus of repression operated not only inside Iran but on the streets of Western capitals, with the active complicity of Western governments. The dictatorship that the United States had installed in 1953 was maintained not only by American arms and American money but by the collaborative support of the entire Western imperialist alliance.

When the revolution came in January-February 1979, it represented one of the most devastating strategic defeats suffered by American imperialism in the postwar era, comparable in its consequences, though not in its form, to the loss of China in 1949. In a matter of weeks, the United States lost its most powerful regional ally, its principal intelligence platform overlooking the Soviet Union’s southern border, its largest arms customer, its gendarme of the Persian Gulf, and the cooperative framework through which American and British capital extracted Iranian oil wealth. The entire architecture of American power in the Gulf region, painstakingly constructed since 1946, collapsed.

The revolution was driven by decades of accumulated grievances against the Shah’s autocracy, his SAVAK secret police, the vast corruption of the royal court, the dislocations produced by rapid but uneven modernization and the suffocating inequality of a society in which oil wealth enriched a tiny elite while millions lived in poverty. But the United States was inseparable from the Shah in the Iranian popular consciousness. The 1953 coup was a living memory. The tens of thousands of American military and corporate personnel in the country were a visible daily presence. The revolution, whatever its internal dynamics, was inevitably experienced as a liberation from American domination.

It is this loss—not any subsequent Iranian action—that explains the 46-year campaign of hostility that followed. The United States has never accepted the outcome of the Iranian Revolution. Every subsequent policy—the support for Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War, the destruction of Iran’s navy, the shooting down of a civilian airliner, the decades of sanctions, the assassination of Soleimani, the bombing of nuclear facilities and now the full-scale war of 2026—has been directed toward a single goal: reversing the strategic defeat of 1979, either by bringing Iran back under American control or by destroying its capacity to function as an independent state.

The Carter Doctrine of 1980, announced in the wake of the revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, declared that any attempt by an outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region would be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States and would be repelled by military force. This doctrine has never been rescinded. In January 2002, Bush designated Iran part of an “Axis of Evil,” at a moment when Iran was actively cooperating with the US against the Taliban. The 2006 National Security Strategy warned that “all necessary measures” would be taken against Iran. The 2017 strategy named Iran alongside North Korea as a rogue state. The 2025 National Security Strategy, as noted earlier, designated Iran an “outright enemy” and identified Gulf energy as a core American interest. The 2026 National Defense Authorization Act, passed with bipartisan congressional support, named Iran as a US adversary.

Iran has been among the top five most-referenced countries in every strategy document since 2006. This is not a function of any single president or party, and it is not a product of the Israeli lobby. It is an institutional consensus of the American national security state, maintained across four decades, rooted in the material interests of American capitalism in Persian Gulf energy resources and regional military hegemony.

The geopolitical and economic interests that drive US policy toward Iran are hidden from the American people. In the imperialist narrative that dominates the US media, Iran is cast as the ruthless aggressor against a blameless America. According to this narrative, Iranian “terrorism” began with the unprovoked seizure of the US embassy in Tehran and taking of hostages in November 1979.

The immediate trigger for the hostage crisis that formalized the US-Iran rupture deserves close examination, because it reveals the class interests that drove American policy from the very beginning.

After the Shah fled Iran in January 1979, President Carter initially refused to admit him to the United States. Carter wanted to establish relations with the new government and was warned by his own embassy staff that admitting the Shah would endanger American diplomats in Tehran. The chargé d’affaires, Bruce Laingen, explicitly warned that the risk of the embassy being overrun was high. Carter himself, at a key meeting, asked his advisers what they would tell him to do “after the embassy was overrun”—acknowledging that he understood the likely consequence.

What changed Carter’s mind was not humanitarianism but a sustained lobbying campaign organized by David Rockefeller, chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank. Rockefeller’s team called the operation “Project Eagle.” He mobilized Henry Kissinger, who chaired a Chase advisory board; John J. McCloy, a future Chase chairman and adviser to eight presidents; Archibald Roosevelt Jr., a Chase executive and former CIA agent whose cousin had orchestrated the 1953 coup; and Richard Helms, former CIA director and former ambassador to Iran. The overlap between the CIA network that had installed the Shah in 1953 and the banking network that lobbied to protect its investment in his regime was not coincidental. It was the same network.

Rockefeller’s financial interest was direct and substantial. Chase held over $1 billion in Iranian assets. The new Iranian government was demanding the return of these assets. A withdrawal of that magnitude could have created a liquidity crisis for a bank already struggling with financial difficulties. Rockefeller had every reason to prevent the normalization of US-Iranian relations.

Carter was also misled about the Shah’s medical condition. He was told the Shah was near death and could only be treated in New York. The examining physician subsequently confirmed that neither claim was true. The treatment could have been provided anywhere, including Mexico, where the Shah was already residing. On October 21, 1979, Carter admitted the Shah. Twelve days later, the embassy was seized.

After the seizure, Chase’s actions further inflamed the crisis. The bank refused to accept a $4 million interest payment from Iran on its due date, then unilaterally declared the Iranian government in default on the entire loan without consulting the other banks in the syndicate, and seized Iranian accounts. The White House was not informed in advance. The Special Coordination Committee rushed to the Situation Room to deal with a crisis that a private bank had escalated on its own initiative.

The hostage crisis became the founding grievance of American hostility toward Iran. But its proximate cause was a decision driven by the financial interests of American capital—specifically, the determination of Chase Manhattan Bank and its chairman to protect billions of dollars in assets tied to the fallen Shah.

Within a year of the revolution, Iraq invaded Iran in September 1980, and the United States sided with the aggressor. The Reagan administration determined that Iraq’s defeat would be contrary to US interests in the Persian Gulf. A National Security Decision Directive of November 1983 made the objective explicit, to project American military force in the Gulf and protect oil supplies.

On December 20, 1983, President Reagan dispatched Donald Rumsfeld to Baghdad as his special envoy. Rumsfeld met with Saddam Hussein for 90 minutes, and the two men shook hands for the cameras—a handshake that became one of the iconic images of American foreign policy. At the time of Rumsfeld’s visit, the United States was secretly aware that Iraq was using chemical weapons against Iranian soldiers on an almost daily basis. There is evidence that the battlefield intelligence provided by the US helped Iraq calibrate its gas attacks more effectively. Rumsfeld did not raise the issue of chemical weapons with Saddam. Full diplomatic relations between Washington and Baghdad were restored 11 months later.

The Reagan administration removed Iraq from the State Department’s list of state sponsors of terrorism in 1984—the same year it placed Iran on that list. The US Senate Banking Committee subsequently documented that the Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations authorized the sale to Iraq of dual-use items, including chemical precursors and biological agents such as anthrax and bubonic plague. The administration also engineered the sale of Bell helicopters, ostensibly for civilian use; Saddam’s military used them to attack Kurdish civilians with poison gas in 1988.

When the US Senate unanimously passed sweeping sanctions against Iraq in response to the gassing of the Kurds, the White House killed the measure. The United States defended Saddam Hussein’s use of chemical weapons until the very day Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990.

As Saddam Hussein should have foreseen, his collaboration with US imperialism did not protect him against US reprisals after he transgressed against American oil interests in Kuwait. Eventually, Hussein’s life ended at the end of an American rope.

In 1987, the US launched Operation Earnest Will to escort Kuwaiti tankers—Kuwait being one of Iraq’s principal financial backers—through the Persian Gulf. In April 1988, the US launched Operation Praying Mantis, the largest American naval engagement since World War II, which destroyed a significant portion of Iran’s navy. Three months later, the USS Vincennes shot down Iran Air Flight 655, a civilian airliner on a scheduled route to Dubai, killing all 290 passengers and crew. The United States never formally apologized. The commanding officer was later awarded the Legion of Merit.

Alongside the military violence, the United States waged a parallel war of economic destruction that has been continuous and cumulative since 1979.

The Clinton administration imposed a comprehensive trade embargo in 1995–96 and introduced secondary sanctions—the first attempt to dictate the commercial behavior of third countries. The decisive escalation came in 2010–12, when the Obama administration leveraged the dominance of the dollar to compel countries to reduce their Iranian oil imports or lose access to the American financial system. Iranian oil exports fell from 2.2 million barrels per day to 860,000. The economy contracted by 6.6 percent in 2012. The rial collapsed. Inflation reached 45 percent.

The 2015 nuclear deal, the JCPOA, produced a brief reprieve: 12.5 percent GDP growth in 2016. Then Trump withdrew from the agreement in 2018, despite Iran’s compliance, and reimposed everything. Oil exports collapsed by over 60 percent. The rial fell from 37,000 to the dollar to over 120,000. Per capita GDP dropped from $8,000 to $5,000 between 2012 and 2024. By 2024, 57 percent of Iranians were experiencing malnourishment. Seven million were going hungry.

US sanctions on Iran are, by the Congressional Research Service’s assessment, “arguably the most extensive and comprehensive set of sanctions that the United States maintains on any country.” They target every major sector of the Iranian economy. As one sanctions researcher observed, “Economic sanctions make authoritarian regimes more authoritarian.” The sanctions eroded Iran’s middle class while strengthening the security state.

This war marks an irrevocable turning point. The world that existed before February 28, 2026, is gone. The criminality of the entire “rules-based international order” has been laid bare for the world to see. An entire nation has been subjected to saturation bombing by the world’s most powerful military, in an act of unprovoked aggression, while the “international community” watches in silence or offers its complicity.

Consider the historical trajectory. When Nazi Germany bombed the Basque town of Guernica in April 1937, the horror reverberated around the world. Picasso painted his masterpiece in response. When the Luftwaffe bombed Rotterdam in May 1940, killing nearly 900 people, it was denounced as an act of barbarism that shocked civilized opinion. Today, the United States and Israel are conducting a sustained aerial campaign against Iranian cities—more than a thousand civilians killed, thousands of buildings reduced to rubble, a girls’ school obliterated—and the response of the so-called democratic world is to condemn Iran for firing back.

This is not a matter of warning about World War III, as though it were some future eventuality that might still be averted by appeals to reason or the election of better leaders. We are witnessing its rapid intensification. Ukraine, Gaza, Venezuela and Iran are not separate conflicts. They are fronts in a single global war being waged by American imperialism and its allies to reorganize the world under their hegemonic control, to abolish the residual traces of the social and democratic revolutions of the 20th century, and to crush, by force, any state or movement that resists subordination to the dictates of Washington and Wall Street.

We live in a world that Lenin, Luxemburg, Liebknecht and, above all, Trotsky would understand very well. The same contradictions they analyzed—between the global character of the productive forces and the nation-state system, between the social character of production and the private appropriation of wealth, between the drive of each imperialist power to dominate and the impossibility of any single power achieving unchallenged hegemony—are driving the world toward catastrophe with the same remorseless logic they described a century ago.

The struggle against war is an international question. It cannot be waged only within national boundaries, and it cannot be entrusted to any existing government. No amount of protest, however massive, directed at the existing capitalist states will stop the drive to war. The mass demonstrations of 2003 did not stop the invasion of Iraq. The worldwide outcry against the genocide in Gaza did not stop it. Appeals to the “rules-based order” will not stop the bombing of Iran. They will not stop the relentless escalation toward nuclear war.

The decisive question—the only question that ultimately matters—is the development of revolutionary leadership in the international working class. This is not a new insight. It was the central conclusion drawn by Leon Trotsky from the catastrophes of the first half of the 20th century, and it has lost none of its force. In the founding document of the Fourth International, the Transitional Program of 1938, Trotsky wrote:

All talk to the effect that historical conditions have not yet “ripened” for socialism is the product of ignorance or conscious deception. The objective prerequisites for the proletarian revolution have not only “ripened”; they have begun to get somewhat rotten. Without a socialist revolution, in the next historical period at that, a catastrophe threatens the whole culture of mankind. The turn is now to the proletariat, i.e., chiefly to its revolutionary vanguard. The historical crisis of mankind is reduced to the crisis of the revolutionary leadership.

That assessment, written on the eve of the Second World War, defines with even greater precision the crisis of the present moment. The objective conditions for the overthrow of capitalism are not merely ripe, they are, as Trotsky warned, beginning to rot. The alternative is not reform or revolution, but revolution or catastrophe. The task of building the revolutionary leadership of the working class—the International Committee of the Fourth International and its sections—is the urgent, overriding, and inescapable political task of our time.